- 1
-
..


www.prabhatbooks.com
- 2

 
  .. 
4/19   , -110002
 : 23289777  .: 7827007777
- : prabhatbooks@gmail.com   : www.prabhatbooks.com
 2022
 

  

  

 ,
HINDU-DARSHAN
by Dr. S Radhakrishnan
Published by PRABHAT PAPERBACKS
An imprint of Prabhat Prakashan Pvt. Ltd.
4/19 Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi-110002
by Arrangement with Niyogi Books
ISBN 978-93-5266-363-7
₹200.00
- 3

-....................................................................................................................................4
....................................................................................................................................16
   .........................................................................................................30
    ............................................................................................... 40
 ................................................................................................................................. 56
-............................................................................................................................60
.......................................................................................................................69
- 4
-
            
,   , ,        

            
 -, ,        
          
 -           
   -      ,  
             
       
            
   , "              ?"  
   , " 
  ,        !"    
  --  ,           
   ,            
 ,       ,      
                , 
   
 -"    ,        
 ?"         ,       
             ,  
- 5
               
             
,               
                
 ,    ,      ,
   ,          
 ,               
                - 
      ,        -,
 -     ,      ,   
     ,     ,     
           - 
               ,
    ,         ,  
                
    
1.   ,  ,      
-  
2.           
    
      ,       
                , 
              
  -             
        
       ,        ,
              
     ,       
- 6
                 
                
  ,      ,    
              ,    
                   
                  
    x11ff  svi. 18  v.32, viv9.
           ,   
   
   ,         
                
       
     ,

  -   ,        
               

-             
 ,            
  ,       
-        ,    
   
           ,      
   -     
            
               
         ,      
        ,        
          
   
  ,          
-"        ,      
  ,   ,,      
- 7
                 
      ,   ,      
  
    -       ,  
    ,         
         ,       
        
        
  ,              
                 
                , 
            
   ,     -    , 
   
             
                
                
               
 ,            
                
          ,  -  
    ,       ,    
       ,         
   
              
            -     
            
- 8
      ,         
               
                 
         ,       
         
     
 ,             
               
       ,          
     ,          
              ,   
        ' ,     , 
'
       -,  
   ,   -  ,   
               
 ,     -        
               
               ,
,              
  -         ,  
-        ,    
  
      
  
          ,      
 "      ,      
            ,     
            ,
           ,     
           
              
- 9
    , :         
                
          ,     
              
   ,      
             
                 
         
     ,
    
          
          ,       
              
                
                ,
             
   
     
         
     
            
            
-"              
       ,        
       "
            
                   
               
               
    ,         ,   
  
- 10
  .         ,  
      "         
                    
            ,   
   ,   ,    ,,,,
,              
     
  ,       
       ,   , ,,
           ,       
        ?      ? 
       ?         ,
              ,   
    ;    ,       "  
         ,       
                
        ,       
             
                
-        ,     
           
           ,  
            
             
               
               
  , "       ,      ,
        ,        
               
               
- 11
     , "           
 
 ,  "  , "  , ,
    -    ,     
     "         
                   
            ,   ,  
                  
  ,         , 
            ,
,,    
      ,,    
    ;     ,     
     ,              
        ,        
               , 
                
            ,   
                 
        
 ,             
   ,             
                
               
  ,,            
        ,         
      ,    ,    ,
                
- 12
               
            
    ,
                
              
         ,       
  ,              
   ,            
          ,     
      ,         
              
                ,
              '' 
  - "          
             "  
       ,        
    ,     ,      
                  
      ,         
 
   , ,        
            
             
                
   ,          
     
    -      -    
               
      ,         
- 13
              
      ,     -   
              ,, ,
-      -       
           ,      
        ,    
          ,  ,
,                
     ,             ,
              
             
              , 
          ,     
      ,         
               ,
                
             
                
               
         -    ,,,
       ,         
    
            
   
            
         ,  ,   
          ,  ,,
 
     ,         
  ,,              
- 14
   ,        ,   
       ,      
  , , -  -    
   ,    , -    
      ,         
         ,    
       ,--     , -  
  ,              
              
-            ,  --
              
               
 ,             
          ,        
                 
                
   ,             
            
   
               

            ,   
    -      ,  ,
                
    ,      
   
              
             
    
              
                
              
- 15
     ,            
       - "          
                
              "
   ,  -         
               
                 
                 
                
    ,         
               
 
   ,         
            ,   
         ,     
          ,     
        ,        
                
          -    
                ,
          ,       
             
    ,          
              
      ,         
.   -"          
                 
     ,        
    ,         "
                 
- 16
       ,      
   ,    
      
                
         -       
              
       ,       
              
             ,  
              
    ,         
               
  -  ,            
   ,            
             ,    
             -   
    ,,         
      ;          
                

                 
          ,      
    ,            
            
        ,        
        
- 17
           
      ,      
     ,     
-             
  ,      
''         ,, 
  ,              
              
             ,, 
 ,      
              
                 
               
             ,   
   ,             
 ,    ,             ,
           
    ,   
               ,  
         ,   ,   , 
        ,       
               ,   
   ,            , 
           "  ,  ,
  "
            , 
             
                
               
- 18
     ,         
   ,       ,       
  ,              
               
,           , 
               
                
             
 
              
             
     , "        
      "        
     ,              

     ,            ,
                
               
             ,   
            ,   
              , 
             
              
              
              
               
                    
      ,      
       ,        
     ,           ,
,              
- 19
                
      ,            
       ,        ,
               
               , 
  
           ,       
 ,              
                 
          ,       
      ,     ,    
          '  '  
              ,   
                , 
        
      ,   
       "  !  ,      , 
      ?"  ,      ,   
       ,          
           ''  
,'       ,      
   "    , ''   '   
        " "   ,  
  ,            "
                 
,                
,  ,-      
,     
          ,      
  ,      ,      
      
- 20
    ,         
 ,             
              
                 
             
           
    
                
               
               
                 ,
            ,
    
              
              
              
   ,    ,        
     ,        
''           
           ,     
             ,    
       
      ,          
           ,     
     ,    ,     
           -   
        -        ,
             
               
 ,          ,   
            ,  
- 21
                  
   ,            
 
 ,           ,    
 ,              
  -          ,
                
     ,           

      ,          
           ,     
     ,    ,     
           -   
        -        ,
             
               
 ,          ,   
            ,  
                  
   ,            
 
 ,           ,    
 ,              
  -          ,
       ,      
                
  ,           
             
                ,
              ,  
 ;            ,
- 22
       ,    , ,,    
  
              ,   
    ,        
             ,    
               
          ''      
                ,
        ,      
             
  ,             
,        
          
              
 ,    ,,      
           
                 
               
                
               
                 
               
          ,        
      ,         -
       
        ,       
         ,        
              
- 23
              
                -
      -      ,   ,
  ,       -  
              
 -            
               
    
          
' '    ,      
 -            
,       ,       - 
            , 
            
              
      ,        , 
    
-         ,    
       ,     ,,
                 
  , ,           
 ,      ,      
   ,     ,,  
  
          ,   
     
           
                
              , 
      

            ,, 
                  
- 24
           ,     
             
              
            
   
           ,    
                 
            
                
                 
          -      
                  
  ,               
   ,           
                  
     ,             
              
         ,   
  
          ,     
      ,,  ,   
                
               
                
               ,  
                 
 , "             "
, "            "   
               
                  
           ,    
- 25
              
             
               
       
             
                 ,
       ,        
            ,      
  ,           
     ,      --    
      ,    ,     
               
      ,     
               
               
               
      ,              
                  
             
                 
    
           
                
                 
            
    ,          ,   
                 
   
- 26
,         ,     ,
               
,   ,       
              
               
              
              , 
               
     ,          ,
"         "      
               
              
         ,      
             , " 
                   ,
      "
            , 
              
 ,      , "    
 ,        "
   , 
   , ,,,    
     
  ,       
                
                 
             
   ,         ,
",,,           "
            
                 
- 27
,          -    
    -        
                  
      ,         
              
,        ,        
              
   ,           
  ,           ,
              
            , 
          ,    
         ,    
   ,            
              , "    
   ,        
 -  "
       -     , 
 
                 
,            
  ,            ?
          ,      
                 
      ,           

    
          ,     
        
         -
,      ,        
                 
                
- 28
                 
              
                
            
               
               
             
            ,  
            2000   
1500                
                  
   ,        50       
               
    -   
   , "   
 ,         ,      1 ^ prime prime
              ,
    "           , 
       ,        
            
       ,       
               
            
              
     ,           
   ,            ,  
   ,          ,
                
               
               
- 29
                
 
           
     
  ,, 
   -              
    
          
               
              
 ,           ,   
      ,       
              
      ,      
     ,         
            
       ,        
                
      ,     ,  
                 
      ,        
              
      ,      , 
                  
             
            ,   
               
    ,        
 ,                    ,
   ,       
             

1400             
- 30
                  
              ,  
             ,
               
 ,           ,  
                  ,
 , "       - ,    "   
             
  
- 31
   
           ,
    ,          
                 
               
              
            , 
                
               
              
 
              
    ,            
      ,         
          ,    
      7         
               
             
                
               
              
       ,        
              
             
              
- 32
     ,         
  ..    , "       ,
     "           
               
              
             
,    ,      
              
,         ,     
            
          ,      
           ,   
              
  '   '     '  '   
        
            
                 
                     
                 
    ,           ,
        -       
             
   
              ,
   ,            ,
               
                 
     ,        
  
    ,             
- 33

 ,    ,         
      , "    
                
  "
       ,          
   -         
                , "  
    "           
                
               
     ,   ;    
,   
         
   ,            
     (  )          
                
      ,            
,          "      ,
:        
     
     
          ,
 ,     
        
     ,      ,     ,
             .    
 
              , " 
    ,    ,         
 ,           ,  
              ,  
,    ,       ,   
 " (  V, 105 ) "   ,    ,    ,
- 34
          " ( V 69)     
           ,     "
                 
  ,   - ,  ,   

 , "   ,    "    
                     
    ,           , "
          ,     
       "
                 ,
            ,      
             
       ,          
                ,
                 
 ,                
                  
         , 
   
                   
 , "      ,        
             
               " ( xvii, 95-98)
              
                ,    
                  
                  
              
                
 ,               
- 35
                
              
              
     -       
                 
 "     ,       "
              
               
 
,              
        ,       
   
       ,   
     ,         
         , " 
   
         "      
,          ,   
 , , "            
     
        
  -        "

          -  
         ,     
 -            
           ,     
                
    ,          , 
  ,    ,       
  -,        -   
    ,         
- 36
   ,       ,  ,   
                
        
      
             ,  , 
       ,      
   ,  ,            
,,,, -       
       
     
  , "  ; ,      ,     
"            
           ,    ,,
        
     ,
          ( 104)     
                
                   
                
     ,         
     ,          
 
  , "   ,  
 ,    
    "           
              
    -   "         
                 ,
           " ( xL 1.2)    ,
  ,  ,          
          -   "   
 ,               " (,
xxvii 62)           ,    
      ,         
          ,        
- 37
    
      ,     
" -           
       ?” (L 1 2.)       
   ,          ,    
        
                ,
              
              
  ,           
            
              
                
               
         ,  
              ,
  
  ,          
  ,,           
              
,              " 
     ,,      ,  
  " ( xxiii, 8)  ,     ,     
                 
       ,        ,
               

   
      , "   , 
    ,     " ( xxii, 37)  
            ,   
      ,   ,      
            ( xL11, 7) , 
- 38
                
                 ,
"                
       ,       
             , 
     "        
   ,       ,    
                
      ,         
 
      ,       ,
     ,           
               
    ,         
          -
'    ,
     ,
    ,
       ?
   ,
        ,
    ,
      '
       -  , "     , 
         ,     ,  
   ,     ;  ,    
 "
        
      ,
            "  
- 39
    ,          "
             ,   
               
                
               
        
     
           
               ,  

    ,        "   
                ,  
      ,        "
  ,              
               
                 
,                 ,
              
    , "  ,     ,    
        ,       
         ;    ;   ,
     ,         
              
   ,            ,
     
    ,         
    ,         
 ,
  ,          
          
    
                ,
                 , 
- 40
            
   ,   
,   -      
               
,              
             ,    -
,                

'   ,
     ,    
      
    '
             
             
  ,              
          
    
              
   -      ,,, - 

                 
   ,     
               
,            
             
   
            
               ,
   
          
   
   --       
            
   -             
- 41
        ,       
      ,           
 ,              
 ,                 
     ,   -, 
  ,                 
              
    
         .  , "
     ,         ,   "
     ,      -    
 
   ,       
   
                  
     ,              
     ,              
          ,      
              
, ,         
                 
               
              
  ,  ,           
- 42
             
               
     ,       
     ,          
 ,,            
                 
  ,    ,    ,
      ,   ,   , 
            
              
  ,       
          
              
                
          ,    ,  
           ,    
              
            , 
,              
             
  ,   , ,        
               
 
     ,      , 
               
     ,         
     
      
             ,
               
      ,        ,    
            ,    
- 43
 ;              
              --   
         ,       
          ,  

,   -   ,      
             
             
,               
 ,     ,     , 

    -    ,  ,  
            ,   
-               
                 , "
 , ,           
,             
               
       ,        
 
   , 
   
   , 
              ,     ,
               
    ,    ,       
               , 
   
                
        ,        
       
        
- 44
                   
      -            
                  ,
               , 
     ,            
              -   
  , "              
          "        
               ,
                 
                   
     ,      ,  
               
                
     ,           
              
           ,    
                
                 
      , ,   ,
    ,         , 
               
       ,       
     ,       
               , 
         ,     -
  ,         ,   
              
    -           
- 45
      ,         
               
   ,               
       ,         

,        ,      
   ,             
               
         ,, ,,
,,
             
          
     
             ,     
                 
        ,          
           
              
         -      
              ,
 ,    -         
              
     
 , "    "
              
       ,        
 ,               
              ,,,
       -           
         ,     
,     ,    , ,
, ,    ,     
                
- 46
  
           
          ,    
               ,
               
           ,     
                 
' '
          
            
         
  
              , 
   ,            
  ,             
             ,  
               ,
              
           ,     
                
               
          
 
             ,
,          ,     
    ,    , " ,     ,  
      "             
            ,     ,
                
 ,             
- 47
                 
    ,            
               ,  
         ,         
   ,               
                 
                   
              
              ,
              
       -        
 ,             , 
     ' '
           
   , "  ,  ,   ;    ,
   ,         ,     
     "          
  
              
                 
    
      ,    
     ,        ,  
               
              
 ,             
                
 ,     
  -   
   ,            - 
- 48
                 
           
              
               
            ,     
 
  ,        , 
      ,          
                
    ,            ,
               , " 
   ?       ,    "
                
 
            
                  
       ,       
      ,         
  -   ,       
     -
        ;
    
    
- 49
          ,  
   ,            
    ,        ,   
              
              ,  
    
             
       ,       -
  ,
     ,
    ,
      ?
  ,           
                
              
           ,   
            
         ,     
                
          ,     
               
            ,     
  
  ,       ,     
                
   ,           
  ,                 
- 50
 ,              , 
              ,     
       ,         
           ,    
        
    , "
            "   
               
      ,       
   ,            
   -       ,       
            
       ,    '  '   
    ,       " 
      ,       
              ,  
 ,   ;   ,       
  ,    ,         
           , "   , 
          "
          ,  -
                 
     ,          
                
              ,
               
             
- 51
             
         ,         
          ,   
               ,    
        ,     
        ,       ,    
              ,
                 
             
             
      ,            
              
            
         ,      
     ,            
              
                
                   
  ,         ,   
       ,      
             ,  
    ,             
  ,          , 
         ,
        
        ,          
    ,               
                    
  ,             
       ,         ,  
- 52
              
      ,         
              
     
         ,     
 ,                 
  , "       ,       
       "
 -"            
"             ,  
               
            ,     
  ,        ,        
       ,    
- , 
  ,            ,
               
  , "     ,       ,   "
  '     '      ,   
  ,            
  ,            
                  
       ,        
                 
,          
   
      ,   ,     

                
              ,     
- 53
     ,      ,     
              ,     
          ,        
    "          ,  
        "         
,                     
     
                
              ,,-,
         ,       
                
        ,  , "     "
            
            
              
               
   -           
 ,                
    ,          
                
               , "  
   "  -"           "
            
     ,       
              
            ,    
 
- 54
               
             ,   
                   
                
                 
               
                
     , 
         
 ,  
     ,    
               ,  
              
             
     ,        
                   
          ,        
  ,            
  ,      ;      
   
            ,  
                 
 ,                
 ,        
      
            ?      
                  
                 
  ,               
                 
     
- 55
               
              
                
            ,   
               
 ,     ,          ,
               
              
             ,    
       , "   ,  " 
     ,         
  ,
"   ,    "          
 
  ,           
     ,       
  
           , " 
      "         , 
                 
                
               
            ,    
   ,             
              
        
1.        
2.            
          ,  
             
- 56
              ,
    ,         
           
   ,      , 
            , 
          
           ,
            
    
              
          1429     
-    ,             
  ,      
    
     ,           ,

             ,   
         

            
              
 ,              
                
              
     ,    
     
    ,           ,  
       
       
                
        ,,  
                 
- 57
        -       
             
             ,  
        ,       
- 58
 
             
          
  ,
              

        
  
              () 
              
   -          
               
                
            ,     
               
    
     , ,   ,    , 
    ,       
  
           ,   
       ,         -
               
                
                
  
       ,        
,  ,           
- 59
      ,         
  ,          , 

    ,   ,          
     ,,          
        ,        
     -      
 
           
        "  ,  ;    
 ;  ,    ;     " (  32),   
  
  ,         
               
             
               
              
              
             

        ,     
                 
        ,       ,   

  
    ,  ()  () 
  ,,            
           -     
       "    ''     , 
           ,        ''
 (130)              
              
- 60
               
 ,          
          
  ,          , 
              
           
              
       -,,,
,,,     
              
          - 
               
                 ,
            ,  
               
          ' ' ''  
  ,         ,,,,
,,     (, 11.2.9)    
              , 
      
            ,     
        ,      
                
  ,            
        
      
               
- 61
              
                
             
      ,        
              
                    
                 
               
     ;         
         ,        
     
 -  ,      
        ,     
                
               
         ,       
                
       ,         
    
- 62
-
            
 ,--               
               
               
               
             -    
               
                ,
           , ,    
                  
                  
 ;    ;   ;  
     ,,,, ,  
             
      -   ,   ,
                 
                 ,
                 ,
               
- 63
   ,          
       
   
  
 -       ,   
-   ,             
      ,     ,   
             ,
          ,         
               
                
               
             ,  
      ,           
            
                 
            ,    
              
                  
                 
     ,           
   ,
          
    ,          
           
  ,        
        -       
- 64
  ,          
    
 ,           - 
     ,     -      
             
                
 ,    ,      ,,    
               ,
   ,           
                
             
 -      ,      
   ,        
    ,        
              
        -   ,  
         ,       
                     
              -,-
       -      
            , -  ,,
,,          
  ,           
              
         
- 65
   -           
         ,     
               ,
    
 ,,,,,,,
, ,,,,        
,             
        ,         
         
           ,   
                 
            
             
                 8 hat pi
            ,  
     ,           
            
             
               
    ,         
             
                
         ,      
               
                  
- 66
,       ,       
       ,  ,      
  
           
               
           ,     
                     
              ,   
                
             ,   
    -        

 
             
          -   
               
  
            
   ,
         
                   
            ,  
  -    -       - 
   ,              ,
    
             
         ,  
 
    ,        ,
- 67
     ,       
               
 ,  -         
            ,
               
          -  
             ,
          ,    ,
        
  
                 
      ,          
        ,         
,             ,  
              ,  
            ,    
         ,   ,  
                
              
                 
 ,         "   
            
       ,       
           ,  
               
                   
                , " 
          ,     " 
                
               
- 68
     
    ,    
 
       
                
       -  ,     
   ,          
  
        
    
   ,          
 
   ,             
                  
       ,         
             
              
           
                 

,                
       ,         
   
 ,         
               ,
                 
               , 
         ,    
   
           
                  
 ,    ,         
  ,               
                  
       ,          
            ,     
     
- 69
                
                , 
                
            
             
              
      ,
   
   
          
                  
 
           ,  
    ,,-,       ,  
  ,          ,   
               

     
          ,    
 
  ,       ,  
                 
           '' 
             
                   
                 
      ,        
              
              
        --        
              
 
   ,             
              
    ,      
   
- 70
         ,   ' '  
' '       ,      
               
  
                 ,
                , 
 ,               
              , 

   
              
           ,       
       ,          
                
        ,   
           
               
  
   ,        , 
           ,     
         ,        
       -     -  
          ,  ,,   
    -            
             ,
               
    ,            

          ,,     
            
                
      ,      ,   
    ,           
- 71
,       ,  
   ,      ,      ,
              
                 , 
               
             
               
         ,    
           ,
,,,,,,,,,     
      
..
..  
 ,    ,
 ,             ,
   ,    -        ,
                  
              
              
     ,       
      
-----
       .    5,
1888    20       
    , ,    
     ' '    .  
- 72
            -   
              -   
     ,           
- : , ,       
